Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: You are calculating a "non-null" E-value, i.e., an E-value for the minimum
amount of unmeasured confounding needed to move the estimate and confidence interval
to your specified true value rather than to the null value.
Note: Using the standard deviation of the outcome yields a conservative approximation
of the standardized mean difference. For a non-conservative estimate, you could instead use the estimated residual standard deviation from your linear
regression model. Regardless, the reported E-value for the confidence interval treats the
standard deviation as known, not estimated.